Sunday, July 26, 2020
Questions Answered
Questions Answered So classes started last week, which means IAP ended, which means the conclusion of my EMT class and random dinner parties with friends. About halfway into IAP, I wrote Sam with the intention of stealing his infinite wisdom regarding all things MIT and also possibly his blogging prowess. I disguised this stealthily, however, by suggesting we grab dinner some time. This ended well for both parties with a PARTY! Pun totally intended. Hey Sam, lets have dinner. Or better yet, I could have a dinner party. OK LETS DO THAT! Anyway. Lots of questions, lots of answers. Here goes: Zaira ponders: What type of laptop should I get for college? On on side I can get a PC with tons of programs, downloads, familiarity, and cheap prices. On the other side, I can get a Mac with its super cool OS, interface and capabilities. What should I do? Snively responded: Im gonna say that Windows Vista is going to look very Mac-ish when it comes to OS, so I plan on just sticking to Windows, far superior. Although, Marilee was def using a Macbook for her info session so I know that Macs have quite a following at MIT. But, if its simply an OS preference, Vista should take care of that. Ritchie also pondered: Youve had a Macbook for a few months, right? How well has that worked out for you? I mean, I think I will end up getting one but I just want to make sure Im not going to have major problems or incompatibility issues with required programs and stuff before I throw $2,000 into one lol. I went to Cape Cod the weekend before term started and forgot to bring my laptop charger. This, however, was not an issue because all six of my friends I was travelling with brought their respective MacBooks, MacBook Pros and PowerBooks we took a moment while on the road to marvel at the realization that there were seven Apple laptops in the car. I switched to Mac right before I came to college, after being a dedicated PC user for probably about 15 years, and honestly havent looked back even when I went home and tried to use my old desktop. Dedicated doesnt mean I didnt enjoy my fair share of the 114,000 known PC viruses over the years, none of which are an issue for Macs. While its true that some programs that I used to use on PC are not available for Macs, its usually not hard to find a substitute thats often even better than the original especially at MIT, where there seems to be a pretty even split of Mac and PC users. And if you have a program that you absolutely need that only runs on PCs, you can use BootCamp on your Mac to run Windows. Windows Vista, too. Also, just because Windows Vista LOOKS Mac-ish, doesnt mean it IS Mac-ish. Its just the better choice. (Yeah, Apples really not paying me for any of this; I just really like my MacBook.) Manisha is just wondering: Hey, I was just wondering is Aditi from India? How many Indians were admitted to MIT for the class of 2010? Do graduate/Ph.D students get an IAP? Aditi is from California. At this point, MIT doesnt release admission statistics by country, but 110 international students were admitted overall last year. And yes, graduate students get an IAP; one of the students in the EMT class I took was a GRT (Graduate Resident Tutor, often called Residential Advisors at other schools) from my dorm. IAP is observed by all members of the MIT community. Trevor complains: Of all the things you can write about, you tell everyone that I love A Lot Like Love. Thanks Jess. Trevor is a fantastic web designer with really good taste in music (whose favorite chick flick is A Lot Like Love). Farhad scrutinizes: I just realized a few months ago I want to attend MIT, Im not a U.S. citizen or anything like that. I think I can do pretty well on the SATs and even improve my grades, write some nice and honest essays and have my intervew. But Im worried about extracurricular activities I think I dont have much of those I play chess, for example, dont know if things of that kind count, but thats not like the science club or something. I have done many different things and activities, but many of them by myself, so i dont know if that counts too. Also, schools over here dont promote lots of activities So its kind of hard to participate in a math olympiad or something like that. If anyone could help me with that Ill be very thankfull. I get a lot of these questions, so I thought of a metaphor to help you remember. The other day my friend and I had this conversation: ME: But you think this is a good idea? HIM: As in, doing it? ME: As in, you and me doing it. Now, this sounds really awkward and like something that I would not want my mother to read, which is even more awkward because my mom IS reading this. (Hey, Mom.) But I dont mind, because the conversation was about starting a project together; he thought wed be good business partners and could get a lot accomplished working in conjunction while I wasnt so sure. The point of the metaphor is that if you take something out of context, you get something really awkward and bad. Much like if you take a person out of context, you dont understand whats going on and jump to conclusions. Make sense? So yeah, the admissions committee does take context into account. At the same time, just because your schools dont promote the activities youre interested in doesnt mean that you cant actively seek them out yourself, or create them. It can be difficult to find people who share similar interests or want to support you, but the outcome can really be worth it. Iteloo also answered this one pretty well: dont worry about it. I believe MIT takes the context into account, and plus, if you are good this way then why try to find things that you might not enjoy doing just to impress the adcoms? Just remember to tell the them in ur app the things you do (by yourself or with a group) and things you are passionate about, or else they wont know it. That was a lot of questions. Anyone getting bored yet? Heres a picture of Sam making a face that is apparently copyrighted by some guy: Anyway, more questions! Kelsey K queries: Only 3 Oregon kids?!?!?! That kind of scares me. Im from Oregon, Im applying next year, and thats not a lot of people!!! So, does MIT have any limits for how many people they admit from different states? Also, the school I go to is really small (~350 students serving 2 towns) and we dont really have advanced classes. No Honors, AP, or IB. Basic Chemistry is considered an advanced science class. Is this going to affect me at all when I apply? Also, Ive taken a lot of Agriculture classes, and am really involved (and when I say really involved, I mean that its pretty much my life) in FFA. Is there anything at MIT that deals with Agriculture? And, how will that be looked at when I apply? MIT doesnt do its admissions process geographically. There are no limits or quotas for any geographical regions within the United States whatsoever. Daniel answered this one pretty well too: MIT does NOT have any limits or quotas for any geographical regions within the United States whatsoever. (True that. Anyway, continue on, Daniel.) They also know that there are HUGE differences between individual high schools. When they review applications, they dont simply count up advanced courses taken by each student; they evaluate you in your own context. So if you took advantage of the opportunities that were available to you, you will be on the same level as someone who had more (or less) opportunities and also took advantage of them. If agriculture is your thing, then by all means include as much of that as possible in your app. MIT wants to see your dedication to the things you believe are important. Also true. See my context metaphor from above. These are classes were talking about and not extracurriculars, however, so not having AP classes could definitely affect you in that they do give you a basic knowledge to build off of at MIT. People who take AP classes are not only admitted because it shows they have the initative to handle those classes (which doesnt apply to you as much since they arent offered), but also that they have a good foundation in math and sciences, which is necessary to survive here (which does apply to you). Are AP exams offered anywhere in the vicinity? You could study for them on your own, or get a teacher to possibly tutor you because I know for me, at least, AP Chemistry was instrumental in my passing 5.112. Demonstrating your love of agriculture to MIT would definitely be a good idea, since its such a huge part of your life, so I imagine it would be looked upon favorably when you apply. But if youre looking to go into agriculture specifically, this would be an issue because its not a part of any department here. I checked with Matt who said, MIT is not for everyone, and MIT doesnt try to do everything. We do try to be really good at a limited number of things. So, we have no fashion design, no forestry, no kinesiology, no ancient languages, and, yes, no agriculture. Closest we have is maybe biology. Bhushan requests: Do you call Regular applicants toooooooo turnef also requests: Will you call the accepted students with regular decision? YEAH! Sit by your phone eagerly and wait. Not really, but yeah, expect a phone call from us at one point. We know where you live. Solomon queries: Jess can you really describe the showers in detail. Is it a large room with no dividing walls like what I used to have in my boarding school. Solomon also queries: Is it allowed for couples to share rooms with each other. I am a bit confused. All showers on the MIT campus are individual, so no, there are no large shower rooms without dividing walls. At the very least they have dividing walls; at the most theyre different rooms entirely. And no, couples are not allowed to officially register rooms together. andie asks: What were the things you wished you did during your senior year to prepare for college? I am trying to get ready for college and perhaps trying to see if i could challege myself in some way. Any advice? andie, I personally tried to enjoy myself as much as I could while still maintaining my grades. Its probably the best preparation I can advise, since college is hard, and its really important not to burn yourself out. I wrote more on this subject a few weeks ago. Hope you got the answers you were looking for. Leave another comment if you need clarification or send me an email at iamjkim at mit dot edu. For now, Im as tired as Sam was after he finished making that colossal dinner, so Im going to go lie down.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Of The Plaid Prohibition And A Motley Bunch Of Other Factions
B rotzmanskrieg, from as early as when the Underground and the RGA were considered as the only contenders, was justified through the prospect of accumulating what wealthy spoils could be taken from the opposition. Though it remained as an ideological war over the question of whether the works of the Wise Man was of benefit to the Underground, prior to the formation of the RGA, the introduction of the Plaid Prohibition and a motley bunch of other factions with differing viewpoints and ideals changed both the RGA and the Undergroundââ¬â¢s approach to Brotzmanskrieg. Factional control of a holding for the sake of mounting future evangelization efforts was just not enough. In essence, the amount of success attained by any of the factions was basedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Despite not having as much stressed importance to the factions, insofar as they were emphasized before the School Year of the Steamroller, secondary aspects within Brotzmanskrieg proved to have a strategic value unique to their own circumstances. The most important were the ACP (Anomaly Causing Phenomena) sites and their resulting spawn of Anomalies, whether for gain or for denial of access (in the case of the Ostracized), the privilege (if applicable) for the factions to spread their respective faiths, and the opportunity of uninterrupted logistics provided by the Teleport Anomaly and the much later Teleportation Transponder. Lesser valued ones were the Caravaneer trade routes that expanded nationwide since the Great Leaps Westward, the backing of the Dweller cities and technical oriented minor powers, and the colleges and universities. Since not all factions shared the same view on the strategic value of the aforementioned secondary aspects, as a result these aspects of Brotzmanskrieg were to be seen as being secondary to control of the local Jackbooter trade, but were still nonetheless have its own importance in measuring success or even defeat. Even though being weighed as having the least amount of strategic value, in
Friday, May 8, 2020
The United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees Essay
In accordance with data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) there are approximately 59.5 million displaced people globally as a result of conflict, violence, environmental degradation and human rights violations. Of these, approximately 19.5 million are classified as an asylum seeker or refugee collectively. Refugees are people who are unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion (Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees). Whereas an Asylum seeker is someone who claims refugee status, but whose claim has not yet been definitively evaluated. By no means a new concept, mass population movement has been known to both create and exacerbate conflict between neighboring states and challenge the integrity of the host state (Adelphi Papers 1992). However, widely perceived as a threat to both the nation of origin and state of asylumââ¬â¢s stability, the continued increase in the number of refugee and asylum seeker population among displaced people, has led to a spike in state level injustice, such as segregation, and state role in the promotion of stereotypes, and stigmas against these people. In this study, I argue that the narrative used by the Australian government has served as a catalyst for the reinforcement for unjust intergroup relations between native Australians andShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees1338 Words à |à 6 PagesThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Emphasizing that States have the primary responsibility to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction in appropriate cooperation with the international community, Recognizing the principle of non-refoulement as established through the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and that all refugees are afforded the right to housing and resettlement, ReiteratingRead MoreThe United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees2791 Words à |à 12 Pagesamong refugees in the United States Introduction The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) definition of a refugee is an individual who is unable to go back to his/her country of origin because of fear of being prosecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political views.1 It is estimated by the end of 2013, there were a total of 16.7 million refugees in the world 2. The United States resettles the greatest amount of refugees andRead MoreUnited Nations High Commissioner For Refugees Essay1272 Words à |à 6 Pagesto be determined by the national government or the international agency such as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), they need to meet certain requirements, such as they must have a valid visa, both types of tourist visa or student visa to apply for a refugee visa, as well as health standards (International Justice Resource Center, n.d.). Australia itself has an international obligation on refugees and asylum seekers that continued to a rrive with total number that keeps growingRead MoreUnited Nations High Commissioner For Refugees2020 Words à |à 9 Pagesbecome precarious and heightens the subject for every country. Refugees mean those people who fleeing conflict or persecution. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has recurrently stated that refugees are defined and protected in international law and must not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom are at risk. According to UNHCR, (2016, January report) there are more than 21.3 million refugees throughout the world. However, currently, this number has beenRead MoreThe Refugee Journey - The United Nations High Commissioner Refugees Essay1008 Words à |à 5 Pages The United Nations High Commissioner Refugees (UNHCR) is an international organization that works to protect and assist refugees anywhere in the world, by providing shelter, health, safeguarding individuals, assessing global needs and advocating for those population (UNHCR, 2016). In fact, the 5 groups the UNHCR helps are refugees in Eastern of Turkey, The diaspora from Africa, refugees in South America, refugees in Middle East and refugees from Syria (Salopek, 2015). Generally, refugees are thoseRead MoreRefugee Camps And The United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees Essay1752 Words à |à 8 Pagesincluding modern-day occurrences, the conflict between environmental and humanitarian issues are vouchsafed to be unimportant. Per the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is tasked with addressing the environmental effects and impacts on refugees, and states that the most significant problems from refugees [and camps] inc lude ââ¬Å"deforestation, soil erosions and depletion and pollution of water resourcesâ⬠(UNHCR Social). Yet, after numerousRead MoreRefugees From The United States969 Words à |à 4 PagesRefugees in the United States go through the struggles of not being able to communicate in an effective way because of the language barrier. This barrier makes it harder on them to be able to get a job, attend school and success academically. This also gives them the feeling of being the ââ¬Å"others,â⬠as well as a loss of their dignity and culture. Although, refugees go through steps to be able to find a place, where they can call home, but their struggles is what holding them from having a good lifeRead MoreRefugees Of The Un Refugee Agency1526 Words à |à 7 PagesRefugees. There are a large number of them, but what does that mean? Well, according to US Citizen and Immigration Services, refugees are, ââ¬Å"people who have been persecuted or fear they will be persecuted on acc ount of race, religion, nationality, and/or membership in a particular social group or political opinion.â⬠(USCIS, 2015) In other words, they are pushed out of their country for fear of their lives. This then creates the issue of where they end up. According to the UN Refugee Agency, thereRead MoreThe Somalian Refugee Crisis Essay1375 Words à |à 6 PagesThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees announced, ââ¬Å"Somalias drought and refugee crisis is the most severe humanitarian emergency in the world, (UNHCR, 2011). Although estimates vary, about 800,000 people have left Somalia seeking asylum. Most now reside in refugee camps in bordering Kenya and Ethiopia. Many trek for days with little or food to seek safety and assistance in refugee camps only to find conditions that are no better. Host nations and humanitarian organizations cannot supportRead MoreCollege1173 Words à |à 5 Pageslegal assistance ï⠷ Contact details for Legal Aid and community legal centres ï⠷ Contact details for independent monitoring bodies including the Australian Human Rights Commission, the Commonwealth Ombudsman and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ï⠷ Access to interpreters, communication facilities and interview rooms to allow them to make effective and private contact with independent monitoring bodies and/or legal advisers, as well as, information about their ability
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado Free Essays
Society should not be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of some individuals. Every society is made up of individuals with different values, preferences, goals and personalities. It is therefore not surprising to learn that some people feel that society should be blamed for any antisocial behaviour the individual might display. We will write a custom essay sample on Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before considering both sides of this issue we will define what is meant by the term antisocial behaviour. Behaviour that goes against what is considered acceptable by the norms opf society is said to be antisocial. Therefore, in most modern societies, murder, drug-abuse, violence and rape are among the behaviours that are antisocial. Should the society really be held accountable for the misconduct of its citizens? Some feel that it is unjust to blame the society because, as a free moral agent, the individual is responsible for his/her own decisions and actions. For instance in Cronica de una muerte anunciada by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the Vicario brothers kill Santiago Nasar to avenge the familyââ¬â¢s honour. It is a death that is foretold because they have already made their intentions known to most people i the society. As a result, there are those who blame the society for not having done anything to prevent the murder. In fact, many citizens feel guilty for having remained silent over the matter. However, who made the decision to comit this antisocial act? Who actually committed it? The truth is, the Vicario brothers are the ones who made this decision and committed the act. So should the society be held accountable? One might consider the events leading up to the murder and say that Angela, her parents, and her friends were all equally accountable. Even though she was not in love with Bayardo, her parents were taken in by his wealth. Moreover, her mother assured her: ââ¬Å"el amor se aprende. â⬠Her friends too, discouraged her from any thought of revealing that she was not a virgin. They also assured her that her husband would not be aware of her state, and they encouraged her to deceive him: ââ¬Å"Lo unico que creen es lo que vean en la sabana, le dijeron. ââ¬Å" All these factors led to her being returned to her parents in a state of disgrace, thus prompting her brothers to seek out and kill Santiago Nasar. In addition to this, the societal traditions that led the brothers to feel the need to avenge the familyââ¬â¢s honour could be blamed for the fateful events. As we have seen, even though the Vicario brothers must bear the responsibility for their actions, there is overwhelming evidence that the society, through its silence, its traditions, its deceit, and its greed, is to be blamed for the antisocial behaviour of Angelaââ¬â¢s brothers. How to cite Cronica de Una Muerte Anunciado, Papers
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
War And Peace By Leo Tolstoy Essay Example For Students
War And Peace By Leo Tolstoy Essay Then novel War and Peace was written by a famous Russian author Leo Tolstoy in 1865. The novel describes the war with Napoleon in which many countries were involved such as Russia, Austrian, Prussia, Spain, Sweden, and Britain. The novel mainly focuses on Russia. It reflects the different views and participation in the war of Russian aristocracy and peasants and also shows Tolstoys negative viewpoint on the war. Showing the war, Tolstoy describes Napoleons attack on Russia, the battle of Borodino, the slow retrieval of the Russian army, the conquest of Moscow by Napoleon, the fire in Moscow, and the retrieval of Napoleons army during a deadly winter. Naopleon had to retrieve from Russia under attacks by Russian peasants and horsemen on those who fell behind. His army also sufferes from cold and hunger, since the Russians destroyed all food supplies. The takeover of Moscow by Napoleon proved to be useless, and in the long run, destroyed a large part of his army. We will write a custom essay on War And Peace By Leo Tolstoy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Alongside with these historical events, Tolstoy describes the different classes of Russian society in terms of their participation in the war and what kind of an impact war had on their lives. In the beginning of the novel, the Russian aristocratic class, which was in the czars circle, wanted Russia to participate in the war. They wanted a quick victory and pride for the Russian nobility. They did not anticipate that the war would destroy homes, agriculture, and take many Russian lives. This class is shown in Anna Pavlova Sharers salon, with its upper class aristocracy, who talk only in French, viewing the Russian language as uncivilized and useful only for peasants. They adopted French culture and wear French style clothing, and at the same time they want to fight Napoleon. However, the majority of this class doesnt want to participate themselves in the war, but want to win the war with the hands of the peasants. These aristocrats, despite their high education and power, will do not hing to help win the war. They live like parasites on the body of Russias society. This is how Tolstoy describes this class in general, but he also depicts two representatives of this upper class, Andrew Bolkonsky and Pierre Bisuhov, who were the more intellectual ones, and whose lives and views of war and life changed as the result of the war. Andrew was interested in a military career, and wasnt completely satisfied with the czar, while Pierre wasted his life on alcohol his everyday activity. However, they fall into the center of military activities during the war; Andrew was fatally wounded, while Pierre witnesses Moscow burning and innocent people, women, and children dying from hunger. They open up simple, but important truths. They experience the rough times that peasants go through and begin to feel a unity with the nation. They start to appreciate basic things that they never even thought of before, such as food, peace, and love. Depicting the Rostov family, who were also wealthy nobles, but were not in the czars circle and lived in rural parts of Russia, Tolstoy showed a typical Russian family who were devoted to their country and Russian traditions. All of Tolstoys sympathy is on their side and he presents them in a positive way. They sing Russian folklore, which the higher aristocrats would not dream of doing. Depicting this class, Tolstoy describes simple and eternal problems such as birth, love, forgiveness, and death. War hurt these people the most. They lost everything: hoses, livestock, and serfs. The loss of their serfs was very hard to come by, since they became very close to them. The women from this class served in hospitals and became nurses, like Natasha Rostova did, or hid wounded soldiers in their house from the French army. Men from this class organized their own little armies of peasants and fought with guerilla warfare when the French army was retreating, as captain Dolohov did. According t o Tolstoy, these people played a bigger role in war and were more devoted to their nation than the aristocratic class in the czars circle. .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .postImageUrl , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:hover , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:visited , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:active { border:0!important; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:active , .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995 .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49b9d716c8115c70a00a164457904995:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Athenian and American Systems of Government EssayAccording to Tolstoy, the main national characteristics are in Russian peasants. He shows this through these people, who hate war, but are forced to participate because the have no other choice. They show real heroism during war. Captain Tushin and a soldier, Timohin, give their lives to save their army. Showing historical figures such as Napoleon and Kutuzov, Tolstoy opposes the views of the aristocratic class in the czars circle. This class didnt like Kutuzov, who became the general of the Russian army. They thought that he was too simple minded and his lifestyle was too close to a lifestyle of a peasant. They did not think he could fight the Great Napoleon. At the same time they were amazed at Napoleons victories in Europe, and were in awe of Napoleon. Despite Tolstoy being a member of this class, his view is totally the opposite, he hated Napoleon and loved Kutuzov. In the novel he reflects the simple life of Kutuzovs soldiers, who trusted their lives to him. The Russian people believed in Kutuzov, and because of his strategic tactics such as giving up Moscow in order to save the Russian army, helped Russia become victorious in the war and leave Napoleon empty handed. Tolstoy hated Napoleon because Tolstoy felt that it was wrong what Napoleon did 1799 in Turkey; killing 4000 peop le that surrendered and were promised life to by him. T.olstoy also describes a moment when Napoleon left his army to die and took just a small part of the army to retreat from Moscow. Tolsoy shows this hate of Napoleon through a dialogue between two characters in the novel. The novel also reflects Tolstoys views on women emancipation. He opposed it, and thought that the role of women was to be a loyal wife and mother, and live in the interest of her husband. He shows this in Pierre and Natashas marriage. He made their marriage ideal from his point of view. Tolstoy thought of War and Peace as his greatest novel. The historical events of the novel were real, and the characters reflected the people of that time. Tolstoy brought forward the main social ideals of his time; the 3 major classes of society and their references to the war with Napoleon, women emancipation, and view of society to historical figures such as Napoleon and Kutuzov. Tolstoy doesnt hide his negative feelings to the social class that belonged in the czars circle, and likes the lower classes. He is fascinated by the courage and deep patriotism of the Russian peasants. He also hates war, because it destroys and changes lives.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Content Marketing Editorial Calendar How to Get Organized (Template)
Content Marketing Editorial Calendar How to Get Organized (Template) Using a content marketing editorial calendar sounds like a great idea, but do they really help? When it comes to content marketing, many companies that struggle with consistency have found an editorial calendar to be the perfect solution. Even those that dontà have that problem have been using a content marketing editorial calendar for years. So, what about your organization? Could you benefit from adding an editorial calendar to your content marketing plan? Most of us know that the answer to that question is yes. We know that theà number one way to get traffic is throughà the very habits that an editorial calendar will help us develop- organizationà and consistency. However, a lot of marketersà still struggle with knowing exactly how to set up and use a calendar to achieve their goals. If that sounds like you, its time to learn what journalists have known for decades: editorial calendars are essential for maintaining busy, successful publishing schedules. The Best Way to Get Organized With a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar via @ Table of Contents: Free Editorial Calendar Template What Do You Need to Build an Editorial Calendar? What Is Content Marketing? What is a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar? Why Should Content Marketers Use an Editorial Calendar? Two Types of Editorial Calendars: Spreadsheets vs. Software Getting Started With Your Editorial Calendar Strategy Outline a Basic Publishing Schedule Building Calendar-Based Workflows Managing Your Calendar First, Get Your Free Editorial Calendar Template Failing to plan is planning to fail. Youve probably heard that quote before. Theres good reason for that. It holds true. Especially for content marketers. Without proper planning, content is liable to fall flat. Or not get done on time. Or at all. Speaking from experience, creating better content more consistently starts with strategic use an editorial calendar. If you dont have one yet, though, youre in the right place. You can build one fast with this free Excel-based template below. Then when youre ready to upgrade, consider an alternative like . Now, theres no excuse not to get organized.What You Need To Start A Content Marketing Editorial Calendar There is no shortage of free templates available for creating your editorial calendar. Some are digital, and some are even written out on paper, but none are more prepared for the modern age than the fully digital options. The best part about using aà paper editorial calendar is that it can help you start the habit of using one to plan your content marketing. Eventually, you'll need bigger and better tools, but this is a great way to start out without making a major financial investment. No More Spreadsheets: The Digitalà Content Marketing Editorial Calendar When you're ready to upgrade, a tool like à can provide a fully digital solution, connectingà your content calendar directly to your WordPress blog and social media networks. This powerful tool combines social media and content marketing scheduling with a robust productivity tool that will allow you to share tasks with your team and leave comments or critiques on their work. You can also schedule your blog posts with a drag-and-drop ease. Start a free 14-day trial or schedule a demo now. What makes @the best marketing calendar platform available right now? What Is Content Marketing? Before we get too much farther into the importance of editorial calendars themselves, it's essential that both you and your team fully understand what content marketing really is. We oftenà hear buzz words like "content marketing" and "editorial calendar" without fully understanding their implications. According to Wikipedia, content marketing is: "Any marketingà format that involves the creation and sharing ofà media and publishing contentà in order to acquire customers. This information can be presented in a variety of formats, including news, video,à white papers,à e-books,à infographics, case studies, how-to guides, question and answer articles, photos, etc." In short, it's marketing that doesn't suck. It'sà marketing that's actually helpful to its audience. But, what does strong content marketing actually look like? Let me share a simple example. Weber Nation Popular grill manufacturer Weber knows how to do content marketing. A few years ago they launched a new site called "Weber Nation" that isà 100% committed to helping its audience. Ità provides tips on grilling the best steaks, caring for your grill, and how to use a great grill to entertain your guests. While the advice worksà great for customers of actual Weber grills, owners of any grill brand can benefit from their information. Their efforts paid off so well, they doubled down with an iOS app. What does that tell you? Content marketing is worth the investment, and it's not just for startups. Does this mean that everyone who visitsà their site will purchase a Weber grill?à Probably not, but it's likely that Weber has gained millions of new fans that could all be potential customers. It's not about a quick sale. It's about building an audience that trusts you long-term. That is the ultimate goal of content marketing. Recommended Reading: The Most Complete Content Marketing Process You Need to Get Organized What Is Aà Content Marketing Editorial Calendar? Most of us are familiar with the idea of a traditional editorial calendar that helps us visualize our content publishing on a calendar-like interface, but how does that differ from a content marketing editorial calendar? Contentà marketing is highly strategic. That means you need to understand your audience, what motivates them, and what they need to hear from you in order to make a connection to your brand. A content marketing editorial calendar is essentially a planning document that gives your team a plan of attack. Like a traditional editorial calendar, it gives you a bird's-eye view of what is going on. However, it should be expanded to fit all the different channels a marketing team specifically would care about. Overall, it should accomplish the following: Provide a place to generate post ideas and key topics. Assign writing and other editorial tasks to key members of your team. Create a publishing schedule that helps you maintain a consistent presence. Allow you to make in-process adjustments with drag-and-drop ease. Visualize your marketing strategy in a way that everyone can understand. Act as a communication point to team members. A content marketing editorial calendar gives you and your team a framework for being deliberate and intentional about how you are reaching and building trust with your audience. In part, it is a strategic marketing tool. In another way, it is a place to keep your team organized and on top of things. Both of these things are going to be very important as you move ahead. Recommended Reading: 81 Most Essential Content Marketing Tools and Software You Need to Be Successful Why Should Content Marketers Use An Editorial Calendar? Journalists and news publishers understand the value of editorial calendars. Theyââ¬â¢re essential tools for planning ahead and sticking to deadlines. Without them, itââ¬â¢s extremely difficult to plan content around centralized themes (think how magazines target themes each issue), or to even know whoââ¬â¢s doing what, and when. In other words, creating content consistently without a calendar is like driving a car without a steering wheel. It doesnââ¬â¢t work. Smart content marketers understand this, too. However, even if you know why you need editorial calendar software, itââ¬â¢s possible your boss is tougher to convince. This may be especially true if the person holding the credit card isnââ¬â¢t actually a marketer. If this situation sounds familiar, stick with us through this post. Weââ¬â¢re going to show exactly what you can accomplish with editorial calendar software. If you want to create great content consistently, it pays to know what youââ¬â¢re going to do before you do it. As we like to say at , ââ¬Å"plan your work, then work your plan.â⬠When it comes to planning, too many content marketers just wing it. ââ¬Å"Winging itâ⬠isnââ¬â¢t a real editorial strategy, though. It leads to creating directionless content that doesnââ¬â¢t produce results. Deadlines get missed, projects get planned haphazardly, and teams waste time spinning their wheels. Winging it is not a real editorial strategy.An editorial calendar helps create order out of chaos. It provides a simple planning tool for laying out: What content youââ¬â¢ll create. Why youââ¬â¢re creating that content. Who will create each piece of content. When that content will be due. That sums up the basic functionality of a content calendar. Take things a step further with editorial calendar software like , and you can also achieve the following: Successfully plan out coordinated content campaigns and themes. Lay out your content publishing schedule alongside your social media promotion. Manage your team memberââ¬â¢s workflow. And thatââ¬â¢s just scratching the surface. Letââ¬â¢s dig deeper and see what an editorial calendar app can do for you. What can an editorial calendar app do for you?Keep All Your Content Ideas and Projects Organized Having a great idea, only to forget it later, is frustrating. Having a great idea and simply not executing on it may be even worse. At , when we have a great content idea, it goes straight on our editorial calendar. That way, nothing gets forgotten, and those ideas get turned directly into actionable content that helps our audience and makes us more successful. Stop Missing Deadlines and Get More Stuff Done According to Parkinsonââ¬â¢s Law, ââ¬Å"work expands to fill the time available for its completion.â⬠Without constraints, people take as much time as they have to get their work done. This isnââ¬â¢t necessarily because theyââ¬â¢re lazily, but because itââ¬â¢s built into the way humans operate. This is why we also often feel like we get more done under pressure. When deadlines are fast approaching, weââ¬â¢re more motivated to get the work done. With a clear content calendar to keep track of your deadlines, itââ¬â¢s a lot harder to forget when things are due. Clear deadlines, combined with a tool for ensuring theyââ¬â¢re enforced, results in more content getting created. Itââ¬â¢s as simple as that. When deadlines are clear, more content gets created. Two Types of Editorial Calendars: Spreadsheets vs. Software Spreadsheets are a common editorial calendar solution. They're free and flexible. If you're just getting started, they're better than using nothing. But, they do have some downsides: Lack of automation. There's no way to automate publishing or content promotion via spreadsheet. Disconnected workflows. The calendar is separate from social networks and email platforms used to promote content. Communication is missing. Without commenting functionality, teams must rely on outside communication tools. Fortunately, there's a solution. Why Use Editorial Calendar Software? Technically, you can use spreadsheets to build editorial calendars. They work well enough and theyââ¬â¢re cost-effective. However, their functionality is fairly limited, they can be time-consuming to maintain, and ultimately, they arenââ¬â¢t a ton of fun to use. Using an app instead can turn your content calendar from something you have to use, to something you actually want to use. See Everything In One Place The value of seeing your entire editorial strategy in one place canââ¬â¢t be overstated. With , you can see all your content in one place. This includes blog posts, social media messages (which can be toggled on or off), and anything else you're working on. You can also connect your Google Calendar so events and meeting times can be synced on your calendar: See your entire editorial strategy in one place with @Drag-and-Drop Convenience If you want to move something on a spreadsheet, you have to copy and paste it. When you have a lot of stuff on your content calendar, this can be a pain. With , you can drag-and-drop content anywhere you want on the calendar. This makes adjusting your calendar to reflect shifting priorities easy. Collaborate In One Place With spreadsheets, your calendar and communication tools are separate. As a result, discussion around projects can easily get lost. Thatââ¬â¢s why collaboration features are built directly into . Integrate With All Your Other Tools connects with other tools youââ¬â¢re likely using to help you get more organized and save more time. Here are someà examples: Transfer content from Google Docs or Evernote directly into WordPress. Or, use 's built-in text editor: Connect your WordPress blog to schedule posts to publish automatically. Then, use either our WordPress plugin or web app to manage your calendar. Hook up all your social networks to schedule all your social media promotion in advance: Plus, with advanced features like Best Time Scheduling and ReQueue, keeping your calendar full of social media posts takes minimal effort. Automatically add UTM tags to every URL on every piece of content published through . This helps improve tracking in Google Analytics. Convenient Color-Coding It seems like a small detail. However, if youââ¬â¢re used to planning content in spreadsheets, you probably have elaborate color-coding schemes set up to make them easier to understand. You donââ¬â¢t have to lose this when moving up to . Every item you place on your calendar can easily be color-coded for quick recognition. Store Drafts for Later (and Never Lose an Idea Again) Have an idea for a post you don't want to lose? Or, do you have something in progress you won't be able to finish until a later date? No problem. Just click an item on the calendar drag it into your Drafts bin: Getting Started With Your Editorial Calendar Strategy If you're going to try and implement an editorial calendar with your team, you will need to be able to make the case as to how it will help you grow your traffic and improve your business. This will take you right back to some of the things we discussed earlier in the guide about the business value of content marketing as a whole. Here are some key benefits to communicate: Better visibility across projects and campaigns. Everyone knows when each piece is publishing, and who is responsible for it. Ability to finally get organized. Disorganization leads to frustration and lack of productivity. Reducing the number of missed deadlines. No one likes missing deadlines. But, without a calendar to track them, it happens. Spending less time planning and more time executing. Spending time planning and getting organized saves more time later on. Those are some strong benefits that most any marketing team will get behind. Understand Who You're Talking To With Personas It's cliche to say that you need to understand who your audience is, but it couldn't be more true. Not only do you need to make sure that you understand your audience, but your entire team will need to know who they are as well. A good place to get started would be with some basic customer profilesà or audience personas. Take An Inventory Of Your Team Who's on your team, and how will each of them be contributing to the end product? This may sound simple, but it is an important question. If there is only one of you on your team, this step may be better spent writing down some of the tasks that will need to be completed and the order in which you will do them. Here are some roles that'll likely be working off your calendar: Writers. Designers. Project Managers. Social Media Managers. SEO Specialists. Content Strategists. If they're on your marketing team, they can get value from your editorial calendar. Develop a Basic Channel Strategy Not all content is equal, so you should decide what yours will look like. The basic starting point is usually a WordPress blog, but you might have other channels, too. Those include: Social media (broken down by network). Email marketing. Video platforms. Landing pages. Webinars. Courses. The world of content marketing is vast. And all of it can be planned on your calendar. Find Your Content Core The content core is the intersection between your brand's purpose and your customer's interests. Understanding this will help you plan content that's both: Relevant to your audience. What do they want from you? Delivers results for your business. How will it attract the right audience to your company? How Will You Plan? Most teams that use content marketing editorial calendars like to have regularly scheduled meetings to plan out their content. Decide if you'll do one of the following: Run group brainstorming meetings. Great ideas can come from anywhere. Leave content planning to an editor or strategist. These folks are closest to the data that will guide you to success. A mix of both. This way, you can take advantage of the pros for each approach above. Recommended Reading: How to Overcome Makeshift Marketing: The Buyer's Guide Outline a Basic Publishing Schedule Determining how often you will publish new content will also determine how far ahead you plan your content. This is a very subjective question. Now, your publishing frequencies may vary depending on each channel. Here are some starting points if you're fresh to the content game. Your Company's Blog Your Brand's Social Media Presence Your Organization's Email Marketing Schedule You're most likely sending marketing emails either daily or weekly per list segment. So, here are the best times to send those emails (according to 10 studies): Videos, Landing Pages, White Papers, eBooks and More If it's content, it can go on your editorial calendar. Not everything necessarily needs to be on a fixed schedule. For example, landing pages and white papers might be things you create on an as-needed basis, rather than making up your bread-and-butter content. But, the best way to keep it all organized is to plan everything on your editorial calendar. That's the key takeaway here. Building Calendar-Based Workflows Calendars can support your entire content marketing workflow. Here's how. Brainstorm Topics and Campaigns Before you can use your calendar, it needs content. One simple process that's worked well at is to run a 30-minute content planning session. Here's how the process works: Spend ten minutes writing down ideas. Have each team member jot down ideas on Post-It notes (one idea per note). Spend ten minutes scoring those ideas. Put those ideas up on a board. Read each one out loud. Then, have each team member score them on a three-point scale (3 = Awesome, 2 = Meh, 1 = Dud). You'll end up with ideas that fall into all three categories, and that's okay. This isn't about shaming anyone. Spend ten minutes selecting the very best topics. Take all your ideas that scored mostly 3's, and decide which are the very best. These will go on your calendar. This video offers a more detailed breakdown on how this process works:Map Content to Marketing Funnel Stages Next, map each topic to a marketing funnel stage. You'll need content that fits each of the following stages: Top of funnel. This is content that broadly interests your audience, but is only loosely connected to your brand. People looking for this content are likely not aware of your company or product yet. Middle of the funnel. This is content that speaks to potential customers who are considering buying the type of product or service you offer. Bottom of the funnel. This is content that converts shoppers into customers. Here's what a basic marketing funnel looks like: The majority of your content will likely be top of the funnel, since these topics typically generate the most interest. However, content increases in value, even as it decreases in volume, the further down the funnel you go. Establish Clear Workflows Figure out which steps are required to create a single piece of content. Then, determine how long each step should take. You can do this easily by first figuring out what needs to be done. Create a list: Generate an idea. Determine deadline. Do keyword research. Write an outline. Write content. Handoff for graphic design. Review and content. Ensure content is optimized. Write social media posts to promote content. Draft email copy to promote content to your list. Schedule publish date and time. That's a hypothetical checklist for a single piece. Next, figure out who is responsible for each step. Now, this list might look like this: Ideation (team/strategist). Determine deadline (editor/manager). Keyword research (strategist/SEO specialist). Write outline (content writer). Write content (content writer). Design graphics (graphic designer). Review content (content writer/editor/manager). Ensure content is optimized (editor/SEO specialist). Write social media posts (content writer/social media manager). Draft email copy (content writer). Schedule publish date and time (editor/manager). These don't necessarily need to be assigned to specific job titles; just tasks or roles different team members may fill, depending on your team size and structure. Now, figure out how long each step should take. Having your team use a time tracking app like Toggl can help you estimate this more accurately. To get started, determine how long each task usually takes right now, per step. At this point, the list might look like this: Ideation (team/strategist - 30 minutes). Determine deadline (editor/manager - 5 minutes). Keyword research (strategist/SEO specialist - 2 hours). Write outline (content writer - 2 hours). Write content (content writer - 8 hours). Design graphics (designer - 4 hours). Review content (writer/editor/manager - 1 hour). Write social media posts (writer/social manager - 1 hour). Draft email copy (content writer - 1 hour). Schedule publish date and time (editor/manager - 5 minutes). These times are completely hypothetical for example purposes only. Next, determine how many work days this entire workflow will fill. Then, add two weeks. That's how far out in advance your content should be placed on your calendar. Finally, map this all out to a checklist your team can use. If you're a customer, this can be done with Task Templates. These are reusable checklist templates that can be added to each piece of content on the calendar. Select a piece of content on the calendar and click the Template icon: Next, click Add Template: Then, enter steps to complete each task. You can also assign team members and due dates to each step: These can easily be re-ordered any way you'd like: When you click each task, it'll show the whole team that step is complete. This will be reflected by the completion percentage on the calendar: Each time a team member checks off a completed task, it'll be reflected on the Team Performance Report, which tracks everyone's overall productivity:Add Content to Your Calendar Now you're ready to add content on the calendar. As a reminder, take the estimated amount of time each piece, and add two weeks. This will give your team enough time to get each piece created, without constantly pushing up against deadlines. If you're using the template in this post, complete each field in the spreadsheet per piece of content: For customers, select a day on your calendar. Then, add the Content Type: Give your content a headline (plus add a description and any tags you'd like to use for organization): Assign an owner, color-coded label, and set the publish date and time: Hit Create Blog Post (this button text will change according to the content you're creating). Next, you'll be able to add tasks or a task template: The content will now appear on your calendar: Communicate and Collaborate on Content As you're creating your content, you'll need to communicate with everyone on your team. You've got two options here: Use a chat app. Slack and HipChat are popular options. Use calendar software with built-in chat. incorporates Discussion Threads for this purpose. If you're using , click the Contributors icon on the right, and make sure all required team members are assigned to your piece of content: Now, you can pass comments and trade files back and forth: This ensures no notes get lostà and helps manage version control. Publish! If you're using with the WordPress integration, your post will automatically publish at your specified date and time. If you have social media campaigns and email newsletters promoting your content, you can create and manage those in , too. For those using spreadsheets, you'll need to make sure everything is lined up in your Excel or Google Sheets calendar, your social scheduling tool, and email platform. Recommended Reading: Marketing Workflow Management: How to Prevent Last-Minute Emergencies Managing Your Content Marketing Editorial Calendar So, you've decided to take the plunge and start using an editorial calendar for your content marketing. You've made the right call. Not only will you find yourself producing better content, but you'll also become more consistent with your publishing. In turn, it should lead to a steady increase in traffic. As you go, there are seven things that you are going to need to keep an eye on at all times. 1. What's Happening This Week? What's Happening Next Week? If you are doing it right, you should have an answer to these questions at all times. How does your calendar make this easier? 2. Does Your Team Know What To Do? Tools like allow you to assign tasks to each member on your team, making communication easier than ever. Everyone should know what they are supposed to do, and when they are supposed to do it. 3. Is There Healthy Communication? Discussion about a new piece of content and how to make it better should be a normal part of the process. You should have something in place that allows you to have discussions, and share thoughts with your team. 4. What About The Assets? Images and graphics can be important elements for great content marketing. Who will be responsible for them, and how will they be assigned? Again, makes this pretty easy with simple tasks that can be assigned to each team member. 5. Implementing Editorial Review At our office, we use a peer review process to improve the quality of our work. Gathering feedback from our peers is a low-cost way to constantly improve the content that we create. Your calendar and editorial plan should accommodate for a step like this. 6. Reschedule As Needed One tip for users of a paper editorial calendar is to use colored sticky-notes rather that just writing on the paper calendar itself. This gives you the same drag-and-drop flexibility that you will find in a tool like . Keep Your Social Media In Check Too While it is often missed, promoting your content on social channels is also very important. It is really the best way to spread your content online. makes this easy, allowing you to schedule your blog posts and your social media messages on the same calendar interface. No matter what tool you choose, you need to select something that will set you up for success. I often find that those who take the time to plan, edit, and execute their editorial calendar are far more likely to succeed, and build the traffic that they need for the long run. Recommended Reading: The Social Media Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% Start Creating More Consistent Content Now Content marketing editorial calendars aren't necessarily new, but you might be surprised at how many people choose to not use them. That's their lossà and your advantage. The content marketers that dedicate themselves to great planning and content creationà will always come out ahead. Good luck! Ready to manage your marketing with ?à Start a free 14-day trial or schedule a demo now.
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Palette vs. Pallet vs. Palate
Palette vs. Pallet vs. Palate Palette vs. Pallet vs. Palate Palette vs. Pallet vs. Palate By Mark Nichol Palette, pallet, and palate are three similar words sharing (in most senses) a common etymology that can trip writers up. Hereââ¬â¢s a guide to the distinctions in meaning, plus a look at other distantly related words: If you were to describe a traditional image of the artist at work, you and I would likely note the same tropes: the beret, the smock, the painter squinting one eye as he looks down his outstretched arm at his model or subject next to his upraised thumb or paint brush (a strategy that helps him determine proportions). And in his other hand would be a flat, oval board, held with a handy thumb hole, with small, variously colored glops of paint a palette. The name of this handy paint-mixing surface comes from French (certainement!) the original meaning was ââ¬Å"bladeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"small shovelâ⬠and ultimately derives from the Latin term pala, meaning ââ¬Å"shoulder bladeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"spade.â⬠Palette, by association, later came to refer to the range of colors employed in a work of art or, later, available in analog and then digital graphic design. Several other, more obscure senses exist. A pallet, meanwhile, is a flat structure made of wooden slats (or, increasingly, other materials), used to support heavy items in storage and when hauling freight, or a wooden tool used in pottery or a flat component in an analog clock that sets it in motion. In heraldry, pallet denotes a vertical band of color. These meanings derive from the ââ¬Å"bladeâ⬠sense of palette. The same word used to refer to a crude bed or mattress, the latter generally stuffed with straw, is unrelated. The palate, the name of the roof of the mouth, is also of Latin origin: Palatum means just that. (Oddly, the palate, rather than the tongue, was long considered the medium by which taste is experienced, hence the use of the word to mean ââ¬Å"sense of taste.â⬠) The adjective palatable means ââ¬Å"tasty.â⬠Another adjective, palatine, used in anatomy to identify, for example, the palatine bone, is unrelated to the identical-looking word derived from palace. Plate and its many forms are only tangentially related to this trio. Taken as is from French, it originally meant ââ¬Å"a flat piece of metal,â⬠ultimately from the Greek word platys, meaning ââ¬Å"flat,â⬠which was borrowed by Latin as plattus. The sense of a shallow dish is from the fact that such utensils were originally made of precious metals; one meaning of plate, singular in construction but plural in meaning, to refer to valuable dishes retains this sense. Words with the same origin as plate include plateau, platelet (literally, ââ¬Å"little plateâ⬠), platen, platform, platinum, platitude, platter, and platypus (literally, flat footâ⬠). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Probable vs. Possible40 Idioms with First
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